Le concept de perezhivanie pour étudier la complexité des interactions entre l'enfant et l'environnement socioculturel
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.51657/ric.v7i1.52002Mots-clés :
perezhivanie, expérience subjective, environnement socioculturel, interactions, approche historico-culturelleRésumé
Interagir avec l’enfant dans son jeu de faire-semblant pour favoriser ses apprentissages et son développement est une pratique enseignante complexe et sensible (Wood, 2007). Elle suscite de nombreux questionnements chez les enseignantes (Bouchard et al., 2021; Pyle et Alaca, 2018), dont celui de conserver la perspective de l’enfant lors de ces interactions (Clerc-Georgy et al., 2021). Une manière originale de faire émerger des pistes de réponse à ces questionnements serait de mobiliser un concept issu de l’approche historico-culturelle, soit celui de perezhivanie. Cet article théorique a pour objectif de présenter la perezhivanie dans le contexte des écrits de Vygotski et d’exposer la pertinence de son utilisation dans le cadre de la recherche en éducation. Dans ses premiers écrits, Vygotski (1994) donne un sens phénoménologique à la perezhivanie. Elle se rapporte alors à la considération de toute expérience vécue et à la manière dont elle l’est en entrelaçant affectif et cognitif (Veresov, 2017). Avec l’avancement de sa théorie historico-culturelle, Vygotski circonscrit la perezhivanie comme un concept théorique (Veresov, 2016). De cet angle de vue, le concept de perezhivanie permet de comprendre l’influence de l’environnement sur le processus de développement de l’enfant (Vygotski, 1994). Bien qu’empreinte de défis théoriques et méthodologiques (Brennan, 2014), la perezhivanie est un cadre pertinent à considérer pour les recherches en éducation, notamment à l’éducation préscolaire, permettant, par exemple, d’étudier la dynamique des interactions en classe entre l’enseignante et l’enfant en situation de jeu de faire-semblant.
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© Marie-Claude Marchand, Caroline Bouchard, Christelle Robert-Mazaye 2023
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